It is likely that a recent driver you installed, or was updated. Or some software put on recently is the reason behind it not starting up properly.
Nice one for trying any available setup or recovery options without the disk..
As you say the windows setup disk did not do anything, then you need to set the boot priority to the cd/dvd drive in your bios to boot from that as the first priority, and putting the hard drive as the second.
Now when you startup you will need to click any button to start the disk up. I am not that farmiliar with this OS, but in the previous ones there are recovery options/windows recovery consosle or somthing. If you can get to a selection of some sort try startup repair.
All the best, jakedude :)