Hello there.
Firstly please do not make multiple threads on the same issue as this can confuse help given.
The ATA error appears to be the hard drive error.Possibly if you have a SATA HDD the CD is looking for IDE HDD or vice verca.Or your hard drive is damaged.
To fix the XP error you receive try:
Error message: "Windows could not start because of a computer disk hardware configuration problem"
Error Message: Windows could not start because the following file is missing or corrupt
Also XP maybe running a newer service pack than what is on your XP disk..........Slip streaming the latest SP may help fix the issue.
The for Ubuntu install maybe due to damaged HDD,or problems with CD drive,the live CD may of not been burnt correctly.
Enter BIOS and set CD/DVD drive as first boot pop in disk then save and exit.
I am not the uBuntu expert but I did a search and it appears your hard drive is the problem.I maybe wrong so if you can hang on and I am sure one of the boys will help further....